Lorena Santillán: Between Science, Resilience, and a Passion for Nuclear Energy

 

I was born in Riobamba, Ecuador. From a young age, I was curious about everything around me: I loved nature, animals, and always felt a deep desire to help people. My greatest passion has always been dance—the art of conveying emotions through every movement.


As I grew older, I developed a strong interest in physics, biology, and everything related to nuclear energy. It was then that I discovered, at ESPOCH, a degree program that seemed tailor-made for me: Biophysics, an interdisciplinary science that combines the principles of physics to study biological processes.


During my studies, I suffered a serious accident on Mount Chimborazo: I fell 70 meters and sustained severe physical injuries, including a skull fracture, facial paralysis, and partial loss of mobility, vision, and hearing. I had to temporarily leave university to focus on recovery. Physical therapy, cognitive rest, and a great deal of patience became my routine for several months.


When I returned to my studies, changes in the academic curriculum set me back by over a year. Migraines and memory difficulties became part of my daily life as I slowly adapted again. Despite this, I chose to move forward.


I completed my professional internships in two fascinating areas: the Optics and Spectroscopy Research Laboratory at EPN and the Laboratory for Particle, Astroparticle, and Radiation Detection (LEOPARD) at USFQ. By the end of my degree, I found a topic that deeply inspired me: the analysis of radon gas concentration, which became my undergraduate thesis.


After graduating, I planned to continue in the field of research. But fate led me to work at SOLCA, in another city, far from my family. I didn’t know anyone, but I was ready for a new challenge. It was there that I discovered the real-world applications of nuclear technology in healthcare: nuclear medicine, radiopharmaceuticals, and cyclotron production. I became one of the first women to obtain an authorized license as a Radiation Safety Officer in cyclotron practice, thus ensuring the protection of patients, workers, and the environment from radiation risks.


My work awakened a new passion: radioisotopes and their potential to save lives, especially in treating cancer patients. Motivated by this interest, I decided to pursue a master's degree in Medical Physics. To afford my studies, I looked for an additional job in the same field, which allowed me to gain experience in Diagnostic Radiology and Interventional Radiology.


During this time, I led the licensing and authorization project for the production, distribution, and transport of radiopharmaceuticals using a cyclotron, making SOLCA the first hospital in Ecuador to obtain such a license.



This project became the foundation of my master’s thesis and opened the door to further exploring the multiple applications of nuclear energy—not only in medicine, but also in industry and power generation.


I have always had the unconditional support of my parents, who, through sacrifice and effort, helped me become a professional. Throughout my career, I have been fortunate to meet colleagues who have become true friends.


Today, I live in Canada, where I continue my professional development in the field of nuclear energy. I serve as the Vice President of WiN Ecuador and as Regional Representative for Latin America and the Caribbean for WiN Global Young Generation—a role I embrace with pride and commitment. From this platform, my mission is clear: to inspire more young women to join the peaceful use of nuclear energy and advocate for a more equitable scientific community.





The Role of Nuclear Energy in Ecuador’s Future


Ecuador’s energy matrix is predominantly dependent on hydroelectric generation, which accounts for over 80% of the country's electricity production. While this reliance on hydropower offers benefits in terms of low carbon emissions, it also introduces structural vulnerabilities due to climatic phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña. These variations can compromise energy supply continuity, highlighting the strategic need to diversify the matrix with stable, sustainable, and low-emission generation sources—such as nuclear energy.


Currently, Ecuador does not have any nuclear power plants for electricity generation. However, the country actively participates in the peaceful uses of nuclear technology in fields such as medicine (imaging diagnostics, radioisotope therapy), agriculture (genetic improvement and pest control), environmental monitoring, and select industrial applications. These activities are regulated by the Subsecretariat for Nuclear Control and Applications (SCAN) with technical support from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).


In a recent milestone, Ecuador signed an agreement with the IAEA to promote national capacity-building for peaceful nuclear energy development. This technical cooperation includes knowledge transfer, specialized training, regulatory strengthening, and support in developing strategies for potential integration of nuclear technology into the national energy system.


While this advancement presents a significant opportunity, it is essential to acknowledge the technical, environmental, and social challenges involved in implementing nuclear energy in a country with complex geological characteristics due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Nuclear safety must remain the central guiding principle in any planning. In this regard, the deployment of emerging technologies such as Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) or fourth-generation reactors could offer advantages in passive safety, reduced implementation scale, flexible siting, and minimized radiological risk.


One critical requirement for the feasibility of nuclear development in Ecuador is geological and radiometric characterization of the territory to identify economically viable uranium or thorium deposits. At present, Ecuador is not listed among the countries with reported resources by the IAEA in this area. However, given the lack of comprehensive geological exploration, the possibility of local reserves cannot be ruled out without exhaustive studies.


The site selection for any future nuclear facility must consider geotechnical, hydrological, and seismic criteria. Given the geological instability of the Sierra region, the coastal or Amazonian regions may offer more favorable conditions. This would require detailed seismic risk studies, environmental licensing, and social impact assessments.



Ultimately, the success of any nuclear project in Ecuador will depend heavily on public acceptance and political support, which can only be achieved through an integrated strategy of transparent communication, public education, institutional transparency, and clear demonstration of socioeconomic and environmental benefits. If managed with technical rigor and responsibility, nuclear energy can substantially contribute to a cleaner, safer, and more resilient energy system for Ecuador.


“Today, I can say with certainty that being brave is always worth it. That even the hardest falls can turn into new opportunities. And that yes—I am in the right place, at the right time.”


Updated history on June 21, 2025 with complementary information provided by her author, Lorena Santillán.



 

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